Effects of Coronary Heart Disease on the Circulatory, Digestive, Respiratory and Excretion System

Abstract

To ensure and promote well-being for all at all ages, understanding of the effects of coronary heart disease is necessary as it is a leading cause of death in the world. And so, the journal provides an understanding of effects of coronary heart disease on the circulatory, digestive, respiratory and excretion system through a data of cholesterol levels on CHD patients followed up with accountable treatment and change of lifestyle to combat coronary heart disease.

Keywords: the circulatory, digestive, respiratory, excretion, cholesterol, treatment, coronary heart disease.

Introduction

In this time and age more people struggle on facing obesity instead of hunger. Contradicting to past problems where food was scarce. People tend to eat a lot without exercising without expecting any side effects.

This practice leads to unhealthy diets and causes an incline in cholesterol levels. Most people don’t understand that cholesterol levels are a factor in increase chances of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease.

Is coronary hearts disease a problem? If so, what are the effects on the circulatory, digestive, respiratory and excretion systems? The journal will try to answer these questions in hopes of achieving a better understanding of the cause and effect of coronary heart disease.

What Is Coronary Heart Disease

According to (National Heart, 2021) coronary heart disease is a type of heart disease that develops when the arteries of the heart cannot deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart. Coronary heart disease is often caused by the build-up of plaque, a waxy substance, inside the lining of larger coronary arteries. This build-up can partially or totally block blood flow in the large arteries of the heart.

Symptoms of coronary heart disease may be different from person to person even if they have the same type of coronary heart disease. However, because many people have no symptoms, they do not know they have coronary heart disease until they have chest pain, a heart attack, or sudden cardiac arrest.

What Is Cholesterol

According to (Hindawi, 2021) cholesterol is a class of certain organic molecules. Cholesterol is a sterol, a type of lipid. Humans are capable of biosynthesizing cholesterol; it is usually used as a precursor to biosynthesize other necessary compounds needed for our body.

Cholesterol is divided by its molar concentration chylomicrons (ULDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Total cholesterol is the sum of all the types of cholesterol in the body. Medically most measures and determine LDL as the bad cholesterol and HDL as the good cholesterol, too much LDL, or to little HDL increase the risk of build-up in the inner walls of the arteries which are called plaques, this event is what leads into cardiovascular disease.

Method of Study on Correlation of Cholesterol Levels with Coronary Heart Disease

From (Su-Ming Jeong, 2018), A study was conducted in Korea by Su-Min Jeong and his peers through examining 2 682 045 young adults (aged 20–39 years) who had undergone 2 consecutive national health check‐ups provided by Korean National Health Insurance Service between 2002 and 2005. Cholesterol levels were classified into low (<180 mg/dL), middle (180–240 mg/dL) and high (≥240 mg/dL). Enzymatic method was used to measure serum cholesterol levels after 8 hours of fasting. To identify CVD incidence, hospital admission records were used between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2015. CVD events were defined as hospitalization for at least 2 days with ICD‐10 codes pertaining to CVD.18 IHD (I20–I25), which includes acute myocardial infarction (I21) and CEVD (I60–69), which includes stroke (I60–I64) were included in CVD.

Results

Following results from (Su-Ming Jeong, 2018). The risk of IHD was higher in the high cholesterol group (adjusted HR [aHR]=1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.69–1.82) and middle cholesterol group (aHR=1.17; 95% CI=1.14–1.20) compared with the low cholesterol group at baseline (Table S1). The risk of CEVD was also higher in the high cholesterol group (aHR=1.19; 95% CI=1.14–1.25) and middle cholesterol group (aHR=1.05; 95% CI=1.02–1.08) compared with the low cholesterol group at baseline.

Effects of Coronary Heart Disease on the Circulatory System

From results associating cholesterol levels with coronary heart disease, it can be interpreted that cholesterol has a negative effect on the circulatory system. Blockage caused by plaque build-up constricts arteries in the circulatory system causing hardening of the arteries which results to a decrease in flow of blood to the heart. Without blood the heart fails to receive oxygen, blood and nutrients needed to perform causing a decrease in blood circulation not just to the heart but also directly to the whole body.

Effects of Coronary Heart Disease on the Digestive System

Corelating coronary heart disease cause by high input of cholesterol on the body with our digestive system has a positive and negative impact. Cholesterol in our body is needed to produce bile in the liver. According to (Watson, 2020) 75 percent of the cholesterol our body needs is already produced by our liver and other cell. The last 25 percent comes from foods that we eat. Since coronary heart disease is cause by high input of cholesterol, we have already fulfilled the necessary 25 percent needed the problem lies in the excess cholesterol that is still inside the body.

Following up from (Watson, 2020)the high excess cholesterol if left to stay will crystalize and causes gallstones to form, which can cause abdominal pain and hinder comfort in daily life.

Effects of Coronary Heart Disease on the Respiratory System

Coronary heart disease doesn’t have any direct impact on the respiratory system, besides chest pain because the lack of blood rich with oxygen which may affect your comfort when breathing.

Effects of Coronary Heart Disease on the Excretion System

There has not been any study on the effect of coronary heart disease on the excretion system, which leads to the conclusion of little to no effect on the excretion system.

Conclusion

Coronary heart disease caused by plaque build-up from over-the-top cholesterol levels causes a negative effect on our bodies, specifically the circulatory system. Blockage caused by plaque build-up constricts arteries in the circulatory system causing hardening of the arteries which results to a decrease in flow of blood to the heart. Without blood the heart fails to receive oxygen, blood and nutrients needed to perform causing a decrease in blood circulation not just to the heart but also directly to the whole body. For this reason, it is vital for us to maintain an ideal cholesterol level on our body according to our age through changing our lifestyle with a healthy workout and diet.

References

Hindawi. (2021). List of Hindawi academic journals. Cholesterol, 12.

National Heart, L. a. (2021). Health Topics. Coronary Heart Disease, 1.

Su-Ming Jeong, S. C.‐Y.‐M. (2018). Effect of Change in Total Cholesterol Levels on Cardiovascular Disease Among Young Adults.

Watson, S. (2020). The Effects of High Cholesterol on the Body, 1.

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